International competition extended to the continent of Antarctica during the World War II era, though the region saw no combat. Personnel of Operation Tabarin unload supplies at Port Lockroy, 1944. Algerian troops particularly distinguished themselves in the French Expeditionary Corps under General Juin during the Italian campaign of 1943 and in Operation Dragoon, the Allied invasion of southern France in 1944. So, they first took Morocco and then Algeria along the way, establishing the liberation of northern Africa.ĭuring the War, large numbers of both Muslim and European Algerians served with the French Army. Then, the Allies try to get the cities of Oran and Algiers by naval landing but the French troops and navy were in large quantity. On November 8, 1942, the Allies launched a major offensive codenamed Operation Torch.
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Next, the British Empire launched a squadron of the Royal Navy to attack the port of Mers-El-Kébir, near Oran because its was full of French boats.
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The Albanian partisans also helped in the liberation of Kosovo and parts of Yugoslavia.Īnti-aircraft fire during a German air raid on Free French-held Algiers, 1943.Īfter the Fall of France, Algeria, along with France's other possessions in Africa, were under the control of Nazi Germany and Vichy France. The partisans entirely liberated Albania from German occupation on November 29, 1944. Many Balli Kombëtar units and leaders collaborated. Berlin subsequently announced it would recognize the independence of a neutral Albania and organized an Albanian government, police, and military. Germany occupied Albania in September 1943, dropping paratroopers into Tirana before the Albanian guerrillas could take the capital, and soon drove the guerrillas into the hills and to the south. They assembled a National Liberation Army. In September 1942, the party organized the Albanian National Anti-Fascist Front, from a number of resistance groups, including several that were strongly anti-communist. In mid-1942, however, party leaders increased their popularity by calling young people to fight for the liberation of their country from Italy.
In October 1941, small Albanian Communist groups established an Albanian Communist Party in Tirana of 130 members under the leadership of Enver Hoxha. On June 22, 1941, Germany launched Operation Barbarossa and on June 28 Albania also declared war on the USSR. Benito Mussolini boasted in May 1941 to a group of Albanian fascists that he had achieved the Greater Albania long wanted by the Tirana nationalists. Initially the Albanian Fascist Party received support from the population, mainly because of the unification of Kosovo and other Albanian-populated territories with Albania proper after the conquest of Yugoslavia and Greece by the Axis in Spring 1941. Albania Īlbanian partisans, with their leader Enver Hoxha in the center, after the liberation of Tirana on November 17, 1944.Īfter the Italian invasion of Albania in April 1939, 100,000 Italian soldiers and 11,000 Italian colonists who wanted to integrate Albania into the Italian Empire settled in the country. Following the Axis loss in Stalingrad in 1943, the plans cooled off and were never executed. It is believed he was involved in plans to regain his throne with Axis help. In 1941, Western press reported that Amanullah Khan, a former king who lost his throne in a civil war in the 1920s, was working as an agent for Nazi Germany in Berlin. Despite this stated goal, Afghanistan stayed out of the war, neither suffering an attack nor attacking any other country. In 1940, the Afghanistan legation in Berlin asked whether Germany would cede land in British India to Afghanistan if it should win the war specifically, the king and minister wanted to acquire all the ethnic Pashtun land between the Durand Line and the Indus River. Despite British pressure, Afghanistan maintained friendly relations with the Axis during the war. The kingdom had close relations with all three Axis powers and had agreements with them for assistance with infrastructure and trade. Under the Prime Minister Mohammad Hashim Khan, Afghanistan stayed neutral. The countries involved or affected by World War II are listed here alphabetically, with a description of their role in the conflict. 158 Southern Africa (Botswana, Lesotho, and Eswatini).
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